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The "be/have" variation with Intransitive (mutative) verbs: the development of the construction in PDE
Křenková, Zuzana ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
So far the perfective construction of intransitive verbs, which apart from the dominant auxiliary verb have occurred in the past also the auxiliary be, has been analysed especially from the diachronic point of view focusing on the period between the 17th and 19th centuries, when the majority of verbs ceased to be used with the be marker. The present study deals with the occurrence of the be perfective construction in the contemporary English, i.e. the 20th century English. Drawing on grammars and previous studies, the theoretical part of the thesis provides an overview of the present approaches to the issue, presents the conclusions drawn from the analyses of the diachronic material as well as overview of important terms. The research project consists of two parts: drawing from the corpora search the first part assembled the evidence for a group of intransitive verbs and also attested under what conditions a labile verb might acquire the perfective reading. As the be perfective might be considered a fairly rare construction, not only the British National Corpus and the Corpus of Contemporary American English were used but also the web corpus of a considerably larger size. The collected database was used for further analysis related to genre categories, co-occurrence patterns and language variety.
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Sociophonetic study of substitutional glottalization in native English speakers
Klánová, Aneta ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
The glottal stop, previously labelled as a heavily stigmatized feature of British English pronunciation, has become widely spread across all social classes and the majority of British dialects. Young females are believed to be instrumental in leading the spread and causing the social re-evaluation of the feature. The aim of the present study is to analyze the occurrence of T-glottaling in the speech of British English speakers in relation to sociolinguistic factors, primarily age, gender and speaking style. The theoretical part provides a description of the linguistic and social aspects of T-glottaling. Particular attention is paid to the role of social factors in the process of language change. In addition, a brief overview of previous research is presented. The material for the empirical part of this study consists of 32 recordings of British English speakers. The analysis of the results reveals that gender, age and speaking style play a significant role in the frequency of occurrence of the glottal stop. Young females are shown to be the leaders of the spread of T-glottaling, which leads to the assumption that the language change is still in progress.
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LANGUAGE CHANGE IN TERMS OF GENDER IN THE ERA OF EARLY MODERN ENGLISH
JEŽKOVÁ, Lucie
Language and gender has always been a major subject for sociolinguistic discussion. Moreover, the same applies to language change, which is still by some considered to be rather a decay in language than its progress. This thesis aims to investigate the relation between these two areas. Furthermore, it tries to establish the leaders of language changes with regard to gender. Based on the analysis of many sociolinguistic studies, this paper comes up with the hypothesis that women are the leaders of language changes. The process of verifying the hypothesis comprises few selected examples of language changes in the period of Early Modern English, on which is analysed their spread and their initiators. The background for this thesis are the personal letters from the period of Early Modern English.
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Introduction to the Theory of Language Correctness
Beneš, Martin ; Adam, Robert (advisor) ; Bermel, Neil Halford Andrew (referee) ; Dolník, Juraj (referee)
Introduction to the Theory of Language Correctness. The theme of this Thesis is the novel conceptualization of the subject field, which is, in the Czech context, traditionally dealt with within the theory of language cultivation, from the perspective of the so-called ontological "socialism" (esp. Itkonen, 1978; 2003). The first two chapters explain why the subject field of the (theory of) language cultivation is to be newly approached from this very perspective. The conceptual discussion in the first chapter identifies three underresearched factors (reaction of the Protectorate elites to the Nazi occupation policy; variety-based approach to the "language" and physicalism) that had negative effect to the debate on these questions and therefore they should not be taken into consideration; the terminological discussion in the second chapter supports the claim that it is not suitable to associate the traditional term (theory of) language cultivation with this novel conceptualization. The third chapter introduces in detail the so-called ontological "socialism" according to which there are not only spatiotemporal entities, i.e. language means, but also non-spatiotemporal entities, i.e. language rules qua actually existing social facts, in the subject field of linguistics. The fourth chapter provides a...
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On the Variation of Irregular Verbs: Regular Conjugation of the Most Frequent Irregular Verbs in the Written German
Sikora, Marek ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Šemelík, Martin (referee)
1 Abstract The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to find out, if the regular conjugation in preterite and the regular forming of past participle, or the absence of alternation of e and i in the 2nd and 3rd person singular, present tense indicative and in imperative singular concerning the most frequent irregular verbs have already reached the written standard German (in the informal spoken language they in some measure occur). In the first part (theoretical) the thesis explains some terms of language change, comments on the traditional classification of the irregular German verbs on the basis of ablaut and offers a more suitable one according to Bittner, sums up the main points from the codification literature. In the second part (empirical) a list of eleven irregular verbs is made (using W Corpus of the Institute for German Language in Mannheim), which are to be examined, a methodology is developed to detect the typing errors occurring in the found forms, and the eleven verbs are empirically researched. The conclusion presents the results and answers the main questions put in the introduction.
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Sociophonetic study of substitutional glottalization in native English speakers
Klánová, Aneta ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
The glottal stop, previously labelled as a heavily stigmatized feature of British English pronunciation, has become widely spread across all social classes and the majority of British dialects. Young females are believed to be instrumental in leading the spread and causing the social re-evaluation of the feature. The aim of the present study is to analyze the occurrence of T-glottaling in the speech of British English speakers in relation to sociolinguistic factors, primarily age, gender and speaking style. The theoretical part provides a description of the linguistic and social aspects of T-glottaling. Particular attention is paid to the role of social factors in the process of language change. In addition, a brief overview of previous research is presented. The material for the empirical part of this study consists of 32 recordings of British English speakers. The analysis of the results reveals that gender, age and speaking style play a significant role in the frequency of occurrence of the glottal stop. Young females are shown to be the leaders of the spread of T-glottaling, which leads to the assumption that the language change is still in progress.
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The "be/have" variation with Intransitive (mutative) verbs: the development of the construction in PDE
Křenková, Zuzana ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
So far the perfective construction of intransitive verbs, which apart from the dominant auxiliary verb have occurred in the past also the auxiliary be, has been analysed especially from the diachronic point of view focusing on the period between the 17th and 19th centuries, when the majority of verbs ceased to be used with the be marker. The present study deals with the occurrence of the be perfective construction in the contemporary English, i.e. the 20th century English. Drawing on grammars and previous studies, the theoretical part of the thesis provides an overview of the present approaches to the issue, presents the conclusions drawn from the analyses of the diachronic material as well as overview of important terms. The research project consists of two parts: drawing from the corpora search the first part assembled the evidence for a group of intransitive verbs and also attested under what conditions a labile verb might acquire the perfective reading. As the be perfective might be considered a fairly rare construction, not only the British National Corpus and the Corpus of Contemporary American English were used but also the web corpus of a considerably larger size. The collected database was used for further analysis related to genre categories, co-occurrence patterns and language variety.
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Koryŏmal - Dialect of the Korean Minority in Kazakhstan
Stöckelová, Linda ; Löwensteinová, Miriam (advisor) ; Horák, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to present the language situation of the Korean minority in Kazakhstan. Korean dialect used by local Koreans is called Koryǒmal and after 150 years of separate life of this minority became very different from the standard Korean. The thesis describes the circumstances of its creation, the main differences from today's standard Seoul Korean, the current situation and the frequency of the use on the territory of Kazakhstan. It concluded with an assesment of the future prospects of Koryǒmal and possible means of its preservation for forthcoming generations of Koryǒsaram. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Evolution of phonological contrast in sibilants - typological analysis
Vančura, Martin ; Bičovský, Jan (advisor) ; Duběda, Tomáš (referee)
Martin Vančura - Diplomová práce (2012) Evolution of phonological contrat in sibilants - typological analysis Abstract: The goal of this paper is to employ the paradigm of Greenbergian language typology to process diachronic data originating in the field of historical linguistics. In the first few chapters, I discuss both disciplines and identify some of the pitfalls of such an endeavour. The substance of this paper lies in chapter 4 where I try to demonstrate a real utilization of this diachronic typology on a specific set of data, represented by documented cases of the evolution of sibilants. Then I analyse the precise articulatory and evolutionary character of the sibilants in selected branches of the Indo- European language family and selected languages of the world and I attempt to uncover the common evolutionary tendencies of their sibilant systems. At the end of this chapter, I construct a map of sibilants' evolutionary trajectories and I propose some remarks on the general phonetics and phonology of sibilants.
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